Another new ideas given for this project ^^'

Come in and make yourself comfortable because I have something to show and share to all of you that I propose that our group can make it real….This is an applied circuit that use digital to analog converter. Therefore, you can take a look into this and make some discussion. If you all not quite know about this and have better circuit to show..We can discuss about it later on. Thank you. Enough from me – Research and Design Crew.

Follow the colors on the schematic and on the description text respectively, it can help!

All the components are labeled on the circuit, so i'll start directly to explain how it works. to simplify this task, i'll split the circuit into 2 main stages: the Digital to analog converter and the Voltage buffer stage

Stage 1: the Digital to analog converter (The R/2R network)

This part have been explained in detail in the previous section, its purpose is to create the voltageV1 which is equivalent to the weight of the binary number on the lines (D0 to D7). Now that this is a resistor network, if we apply any load on the output of the first stage, this load will be considered as an additional resistor in the network, and thus will disturb the network which will no longer provide the correct & desired output voltage. Therefore, to overcome this problem, we need a voltage buffer, here is where the next stage comes...



Stage 2: the voltage buffer

This stage will isolate the point V1 from the final output V2, while always keeping the voltage V2at the exact same value of V1. This is what we call a voltage buffer. for the voltage buffer we use an opamp with the output connected to the inverting input (this special configuration of the Op Amp is also called Voltage Follower). The most important things to note are:

1   No current (almost 0A) will flow from the point V1 into the opamp, so we wont be disturbing the resistor network configuration


2   V2 will always equal V1 (theoretically, see the rest of this document)


3  The current going out from the point V2 to any other stage is sourced from from the power    supply of the OpAmp.